Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most important cations in the organism, essential for regulating vascular tone, cardiac rhythm, and endothelial functions. In patients with advanced stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) Mg deficit was associated in various studies with vascular calcifications and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with CKD frequently have hyperparathyroidism, parathormone (PTH) being an important risk factor for vascular calcifications. Increased serum Mg levels inhibit PTH secretion and stimulate left ventricular hypertrophy, while low serum Mg levels stimulate PTH secretion. Correcting Mg de deficiency results in reduced cardiovascular mortality in these patients.

The first paper describing female patients with Turner syndrome (TS) was published in 1938 by Henry Turner[1]. It was later discovered that in 1930, Otto Ullrich had already reported a case report of a girl with suggestive symptoms of TS[2]. Therefore, the complete name is Ullrich-Turner syndrome.
Turner’s syndrome is a pathology found only in females, characterized by the partial or total absence of a second sex chromosome which leads to a wide range of physical findings that often includes congenital lymphedema, short stature, and gonadal dysgenesis[1]. The physical symptoms depend on the karyotype, as only 50% of Turner patients are 45,X the others displaying mosaics or abnormalities in the second sex chromosome. [...]