Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium spp. and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplant recipients. This infection is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, primarily through contaminated water or food, with the most common species being C. hominis and C. parvum. Its pathogenesis involves invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, leading to impaired absorption and secretory diarrhea. Clinical symptoms range from asymptomatic to severe chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is made through microscopic examination, immunofluorescence, or PCR to detect oocysts or parasite DNA, with varying sensitivities. The mainstay of therapy is nitazoxanide, although its effectiveness is still limited in immunocompromised patients. Infection prevention emphasizes clean water, sanitation, and immune system strengthening, including the use of antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients. Thus, cryptosporidiosis remains a global health challenge that requires attention to early diagnosis, environmental control, and the development of more effective therapies in the future.
ISSN-online 2360-2473 / ISSN-print 1223-0472
