Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most important cations in the organism, essential for regulating vascular tone, cardiac rhythm, and endothelial functions. In patients with advanced stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) Mg deficit was associated in various studies with vascular calcifications and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with CKD frequently have hyperparathyroidism, parathormone (PTH) being an important risk factor for vascular calcifications. Increased serum Mg levels inhibit PTH secretion and stimulate left ventricular hypertrophy, while low serum Mg levels stimulate PTH secretion. Correcting Mg de deficiency results in reduced cardiovascular mortality in these patients.

The combination of posterior femoral head dislocation with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture is an extremely rare occurrence, therefore, few reports exist. The posterior femoral head dislocation is an injury most common encountered in road traffic accident (dash-board) and may associate various types of acetabular, femoral head or femoral neck fractures[1-3] but almost never an intertrochanteric fracture. [...]

Highly comminutive proximal femur fractures in yo-ung healthy adults often occur after high energy trau-ma, such as traffic accidents[1].
The classification of fracture type poses a difficulty, as highly comminuted fractures don’t necessarily respect the anatomical regions of the proximal femur, but rather affect the area as a whole[2,3]. [...]

The Lisfranc fracture-dislocation of the foot is uncommon and many cases are misdiagnosed. The Lisfranc lesion involves the medial cuneiform and base of the second metatarsal which are considered to be the keystone of the structural integrity of the midfoot. This joint has a stabilization effect on longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot. A neglected or untreated injury to the Lisfranc joint can lead to secondary arthritis and significant morbidity with disability. Furthermore, it is well known the correlation between pacients with periferic neuropathy and this type of lesion, also known as Charcot Foot[1]. It has been documented to occur as a consequence of various peripheral neuropathies, but diabetic neuropathy has become the most common etiology[2]. [...]

Fractures of the proximal femur are some of the most commonly encountered fracture types, especially when talking about elderly patient[1,2]. Apart from the immediate impact on the patient’s health, a more problematic issue is the impact on the quality of life, especially when talking about geriatric patients[3]. Early surgical treatment, combined with early discharge from hospital and a well-tailored rehabilitation program are mandatory for assuring a quick recovery of the patient’s autonomy. It is estimated that every person over the age of 65 has a 10% chance to fall once per year, with the possibility of contracting a proximal femur fracture. [...]