The ideea of this review arised from a small lot of patients recently evaluated by a joint team of urologists and nephrologists in one of the largest dialysis departments in Bucharest, Romania. We decided to review the existing medical literature in order to have a better grasp of the peculiarities regarding the incidence, symptoms, tumor markers and imaging studies for urological cancers in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis. [...]