Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most important cations in the organism, essential for regulating vascular tone, cardiac rhythm, and endothelial functions. In patients with advanced stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) Mg deficit was associated in various studies with vascular calcifications and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with CKD frequently have hyperparathyroidism, parathormone (PTH) being an important risk factor for vascular calcifications. Increased serum Mg levels inhibit PTH secretion and stimulate left ventricular hypertrophy, while low serum Mg levels stimulate PTH secretion. Correcting Mg de deficiency results in reduced cardiovascular mortality in these patients.

Despite the constant technological advances achieved during the past decades, large size benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) pathology continues to raise questions concerning the most appropriate therapeutic approach. Interestingly enough, the classical open prostatectomy still represents the standard option for this type of cases despite the substantial perioperative morbidity [1]. [...]

Over the past few years, the conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) has undergone increasing criticism among the international urological community due to its’ inability to achieve a complete tumor ablation [1]. This substantial oncologic drawback has been mainly related to the limited sensitivity of the classical white light cystoscopy (WLC) [2]. In other words, the standard endoscopic assessment of the bladder was often outlined as insufficiently capable of accurately identifying all of the existing tumor formations [3].