Ocular infections vary greatly in severity. Studies have tried to identify certain patterns related to the ocular microbiome
in the studied populations in order to identify risk populations, new treatments and prophylaxis guidelines. However, it is critical to determine which antibiotics should be used in various situations and where alternatives to antibiotics are appropriate. Results of many studies show that high levels of antibiotic resistance in ophthalmology and multidrug resistance continue to be a reality and a challenge today.
Iodine-povidone and chlorhexidine are two major antiseptics used in ophthalmology. It is hoped that future reports show good results without the use of antibiotics will encourage ophthalmologists to limit the use of topical antibiotics, reducing the rate of antimicrobial resistance.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of progressive hepatic disease with a high impact on human health worldwide. Patients with chronic hepatitis C have an increased risk of complications with need of hospitali-zation for different associated pathology. Liver fibrosis is correlated with high morbidity and mortality. Liver cirrhosis is frequently associated with anemia caused by gastrointestinal hemorrhage from esophageal varices or from angiodysplasia of the antrum. [...]