Inflammatory Effect of Leptin and C-reactive Protein with Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background and objectives: Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Immune system activation is highly related to type 2 diabetes incidence, progression, adaptive and innate immunity is involved in the inflammation. Vitamin D insufficiency causes insulin resistance as well as glucose intolerance, which are symptoms of significant vitamin D deficiency. Increased inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance are prominent symptoms of this illness. Materials and methods: Serum specimens were taken from 120 people, with 70 patients (35 males and 35 females) with type 2 diabetic individuals and 50 healthy controls (25 males and 25 females) divided into two groups. Patients in the study population ranged from (18-50) years old and were hospitalized at Ballad and Salah Aldeen General Hospitals in Salah Aldeen province from August 2019 to February 2020. Results: Vitamin D levels were considerably reduced in females and male diabetic patients compared to controls, while leptin levels were elevated with ALP levels that were slightly diminished in diabetic males compared to controls but higher in diabetic females. Both C-reactive protein and serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in male and female diabetic patients compared to controls. In addition, these were increased in male diabetic individuals when compared to female diabetic individuals. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetes individuals, severe vitamin D deficiency and increased leptin cause inflammation and complicate bone metabolic illness.