The Journal of Bucharest College of Physicians and the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences

Parenthood and Depression – a Systematic Review

Authors

Purpose: The primary objective of this systematic analysis is to investigate the impact of parenthood on depressive symptomatology, with a focus on understanding how this relationship varies across different parental scenarios, considering factors such as the number of children and various elements within the physiological, psychological, social, socio-economic, and professional domains. Methods: The study encompassed a review of 12 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2023. The research involved adult samples, and the inclusion criteria were determined using the PICO framework. Additionally, the PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure methodological rigor. Comparative analysis was conducted across five key domains: physiological, psychological, social, socio-economic, and professional, to discern patterns and variations in the impact of parenthood on depressive symptomatology. Results: The analysis revealed that parents with a single child (PA) demonstrated lower levels of depression compared to childless adults (CLA). However, this difference was not observed when parents had 2 or more children. The comparative analysis across physiological, psychological, social, socio-economic, and professional domains indicated multifaceted influences on parental and childless adult depression. Factors such as lack of sleep, fatigue, self-assessment of parental competence, quality of romantic relationships, social responsibilities, resources, financial concerns, and work-home balance were identified as key contributors to parental depression. Childless adults, on the other hand, were influenced by factors including medical conditions, fertility issues, personal expectations, freedom of choice, romantic relationships, social pressures, expectations, socio-economic status (SES), living conditions, and professional growth prospects. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced relationship between parenthood and depressive symptomatology. The findings underscore the importance of considering the number of children as a critical factor. The analysis of physiological, psychological, social, socio-economic, and professional domains contributes to a holistic comprehension of the complex interplay between parenthood and mental well-being. These insights can inform interventions and support systems tailored to address the unique challenges faced by parents and childless adults.