Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing both in the world and Indonesia. Insulin resistance is one of the causes of DM. This insulin resistance can be measured using the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The anthropometric status of the body, especially visceral fat, is related to insulin resistance. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an indicator of visceral fat.
Objective: to determine the anthropometric status and LAP as risk factor for insulin resistance (IR).
Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 type 2 DM patients correlation analysis with Pearson and Spearman Test (p<0.05). Bivariate analysis to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) using a 2x2 table and using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the cut-off value of all anthropometric status and LAP. Result: Weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, visceral fat and LAP were risk factors for IR.
Conclusion: LAP has the best PR for IR detection

Background: Leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are the main adipokine products of adipose tissue, leptin is a hormone that controls appetite, while TNF-α acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that can cause Insulin resistance Leptin and TNF-α levels are influenced by body mass index (BMI). Objective: To prove the differences in leptin and TNF-α levels between T2DM patients with and without obesity. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 31 T2DM subjects with obesity and 29 DMT2 subjects without obesity. Leptin and TNF-α levels were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Obesity status was determined based on BMI values where BMI ≥25 kg / m2 was the obesity group and BMI <25 kg / m2 group without obesity. The t-test was used as the comparative test. Results: The median leptin levels in the obese and non-obese T2DM groups were 31.8(7;74.6) ng/mL and 9.2(0.8;36.7) ng/mL. There was a difference in leptin levels between the two groups with p=0.001. The median TNF-α levels in the obese and non-obese DMT2 group were 6.6(2.2;21.2) pg/mL, and 4.4(1.6;15.8) pg/mL. There was a difference in TNF-α levels between the two groups with p=0.007. Conclusion: There are significant differences in leptin and TNF-α levels between T2DM patients with and without obesity, where leptin and TNF-α levels are higher in T2DM patients with obesity than T2DM patients without obesity.

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is common liver disease often found and occurs in community. Prevalence of liver disease (NAFLD) has risen rapidly along with an increase obesity incidence in women. Inflammation condition in obese condition causing an increase in IL-6, Platelets Count (PLTC), and Aldosterone level increased risk of developing NAFLD.
Aim: To analyze differences IL-6, PLTC, and Aldosterone level between Obese and Non-Obese Women.
Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional analytical study that conduct in November-Januari 2021 at Diponegoro National Hospital (RSND) Semarang. Inclusion criteria for respondent in this study were being middle-aged women (30-49 years), healthy, and willing to take part in this study. Total respondent in this study was 60 people then divided into two groups that is Obese and Non-Obese Group. The degree of fatty liver was examined using the ultrasound method. Platelete count (PLTC) were measured by Indico Blood Analyzer. Meanwhile IL-6 and Aldosterone level analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Data were analyze using SPSS 18.0 that including normality, different test, and regression test.
Result: Incidence of fatty liver in the obese group was significantly different from the non-obese group (p<0.005). No significant different average aldosterone serum, and AST between two group. Platelete Count (PLTC), IL-6 between two groups was showed significantly difference between two group. Conclusion: Obesity will trigger an increase in IL-6 and PLT which can increase the risk of fatty liver.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. Homocysteine (Hcy) and folic acid (FA) have been found to correlate with intra-renal atherosclerosis, which leads to decreased renal perfusion pressure and may impair the endothelial function of renal arterioles and glomerular capillaries, thus being considered as new risk factors for CKD.
Objective: To investigate serum Hcy and FA as risk factors for CKD.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients who underwent creatinine examination. Hcy and FA levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Bivariate analysis to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) using a 2x2 table and using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the cut off value of HCY and FA in CKD. Results: The mean Hcy level of CKD patients was 7.66±4.25 μmol/L and without CKD was 4.29 ± 2.71 μmol/L. The mean FA levels of CKD and non-CKD patients were 6.75±1.75 and 9.27±9.28 ng/mL, respectively. The prevalence ratio of Hcy to CKD was 2.17 (95%CI=1.35-3.45; p=0.001). The prevalence ratio of FA to CKD was 1.75 (95%CI=1.11-2.75; p=0.014).
Conclusion: Increased Hcy levels and decreased serum FA levels are risk factors for CKD.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Indonesian women will continue to increase. Obesity and overweight conditions are often associated with low-grade inflammatory conditions and metabolic syndrome. The ratio of monocytes to HDL cholesterol (RMH) and the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes (RML) are easy tests to monitor inflammation associated with increased body mass index and cardiovascular disorders due to metabolic syndrome.
Objective: To analyze the differences in RMH and RML in obese and overweight women.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient laboratory at the Diponegoro National Hospital (RSND). This study included 55 overweight women (BMI 25.00 – 29.99 kg/m2) and 55 obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), healthy, aged 25-45 years. Research subjects were excluded with the criteria of not having hypertension, liver disorders, and diabetes mellitus. RMH is obtained by dividing the absolute monocyte count by HDL cholesterol. RML is obtained by dividing the absolute monocyte and lymphocyte counts. Monocyte and lymphocyte numbers were obtained by examining a Complete Blood Count (CBC) using an automatic hematology analyzer. HDL cholesterol levels were measured by enzymatic methods using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Statistical analysis with the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: There is a difference in RMH between obese and overweight women (p = 0.003). There was no difference in RML (p = 0.342) between the two groups.
Conclusion: Obese women have a significantly higher RMH than overweight. RMH can be used as an assessment of inflammatory conditions and is used as a clinical alert for various health problems in obese and overweight women.