Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) describes abnormal structural and functional kidney conditions that mark a decrease in GFR. Erythropoietin producing peritubular cells are partially or completely damaged by the severity of kidney disease, causing inadequate erythropoiesis and anemia. Anemia is one of the factors causing erythrocyte size variations assessed by the red cell distribution width (RDW). The relationship between GFR kidney function and RDW is currently little studied, this encourages researchers to conduct a study of the correlation between GFR and RDW in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: Retrospective observational analytic study with cross sectional approach was conducted in 45 chronic kidney disease patients in RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang in December 2018-January 2019. Data include age, weight, urea and creatinine serum, and RDW. Calculation of GFR values using the Cockroft Gault formula. Statistical tests using Spearman’s correlation, p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The median (minimum-maximum) GFR and RDW are respectively 20 (6-35) mL/min /1.73 m2; 15.7 (12.8-20.6)%. The correlation test of GFR with RDW is r = -0.468 with p=0.001. Ureum, creatinine and RDW have significant different in chronic kidney disease between stadium 3, 4, and 5 (p=0.001). Conclusion: There is a moderate negative correlation between GFR and RDW in patients with chronic kidney disease. Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) can be used as a altern

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis usually undergo anemia condition. Calculation of hemoglobin and other hematological parameters such as Ret-he (Reticulocyte Hemoglobin) and reticulocytes along with Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) calculations determine the stage of CKD. Erythropoietin (EPO) administration is one of the important therapies for CKD patients. Initiation of EPO therapy, according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO). Method: This study was an observational cross-sectional analytical study. This research was carried out from October 2023 to November 2023 at the Hemodialysis Installation of Dr. RSUD. R Sosodoro Djatikoesoemo Bojonegoro. Normality of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk test and differences in Ret-he levels, reticulocyte counts, and hemoglobin levels pre and post-administration of erythropoietin using paired t-test was used if the data were normally distributed and the Wilcoxon test if the data were not normally distributed. Results: This study results showed that there was an increase in ret-he levels pre and post-administration of erythropoietin with pre mean value of 30.50 ± 4.043 and post mean value was 32.20 ± 2.936. Reticulocyte levels also increase pre and post-administration of erythropoietin with a mean value of 1.63 ± 0.869 for pre-administration and 2.04 ± 0.915 for post-administration. Hemoglobin levels before giving erythropoietin with a value of 8.21 ± 0.855 and after giving erythropoietin the value was slightly increased to 8.29 ± 0.853. Rethe and reticulocytes were significant differences between pre and post-EPO administration with p=0.000 and hemoglobin showed that there are no significant difference values pre and post-EPO with p=0.373. Conclusion: There is a significant difference (p-value 0.000) between Ret-He and Reticulocyte levels pre and post-erythropoietin treatment and there is no significant difference (p-value 0.373) Hemoglobin levels pre and post-erythropoietin treatment.

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a disease caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery wall as a result of the atherosclerosis process. Atherosclerosis plays an important role from the beginning of plaque formation until plaque rupture which causes blood clots. Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are one of the major risk factors for CHD. In patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, there was an altered lipid profile which led to endothelial damage that caused the formation of atherosclerosis. HDL cholesterol labeled as good cholesterol was decreased due to uncontrolled LDL cholesterol labeled as bad cholesterol. LDL cholesterol synthesis process was disrupted then causing plaque formation in the arteries which causes CHD.
Aim: The aim of this study was to analysis correlation between HbA1c levels, triglyceride levels, HDL levels and the degree of stenosis in coronary heart disease sufferers with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study was an observational cross-sectional analytical study with total of 51 patients with CHD who underwent cardiac catheterization at Telogorejo Hospital. Semarang. The correlation test in this study using the Spearman test with p<0.05 is considered significant.
Results: Results of this study show that there is no significant correlation between HbA1C levels and triglyceride levels (p= 0.793), and Hba1C with the degree of stenosis was (p= 0.685) but, there was significant correlation between HDL cholesterol level with the degree of stenosis (p= 0.015).
Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no significant correlation between the correlation of HbA1c levels and triglyceride levels with the degree of stenosis and there was a moderately negative significant correlation between HDL levels and the degree of stenosis.

More than 25% of women have complaints related to breast lumps during their lifetime and approximately 12% have breast cancer. Cancer antigen 15-3 and homocysteine can be used as biomarkers in breast cancer. Breast cancer produces pro-inflammatory cytokines that can lead to increased CA 15-3 levels and serum homocysteine levels.
Objective: To investigate the differences in CA 15-3 and homocysteine levels between patients with benign tumors and breast cancer.
Methods: Observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach in 30 benign breast tumor patients and 31 breast cancer patients. Measurement of CA 15-3 levels using enzyme linked immunofluorescent assay (ELFA) and homocysteine using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Comparative tests used independent T test and Mann-Whitney test. The study was conducted in 2023 at Kariadi Hospital Semarang and Ken Saras Hospital Ungaran.
Results: CA 15-3 levels in the benign breast tumor group had a median of 11.74 (2.00-40.00) U/mL, while the breast cancer group was 18.66 (7.22-168.97) U/mL (p = 0.001). Homocysteine levels in benign breast tumors had a median of 3.05 (0.10-11.50) μmol/L and in the breast cancer group was 9.90 (3.70-17.20) μmol/L (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: CA 15-3 and homocysteine levels were lower in benign breast tumor patients compared with breast cancer patients.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Indonesian women will continue to increase. Obesity and overweight conditions are often associated with low-grade inflammatory conditions and metabolic syndrome. The ratio of monocytes to HDL cholesterol (RMH) and the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes (RML) are easy tests to monitor inflammation associated with increased body mass index and cardiovascular disorders due to metabolic syndrome.
Objective: To analyze the differences in RMH and RML in obese and overweight women.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient laboratory at the Diponegoro National Hospital (RSND). This study included 55 overweight women (BMI 25.00 – 29.99 kg/m2) and 55 obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), healthy, aged 25-45 years. Research subjects were excluded with the criteria of not having hypertension, liver disorders, and diabetes mellitus. RMH is obtained by dividing the absolute monocyte count by HDL cholesterol. RML is obtained by dividing the absolute monocyte and lymphocyte counts. Monocyte and lymphocyte numbers were obtained by examining a Complete Blood Count (CBC) using an automatic hematology analyzer. HDL cholesterol levels were measured by enzymatic methods using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Statistical analysis with the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: There is a difference in RMH between obese and overweight women (p = 0.003). There was no difference in RML (p = 0.342) between the two groups.
Conclusion: Obese women have a significantly higher RMH than overweight. RMH can be used as an assessment of inflammatory conditions and is used as a clinical alert for various health problems in obese and overweight women.

Background: Sepsis is body immune response due to infection. Sepsis is a medical emergency condition with high risk of mortality. WHO in 2018 stated that every year there were 2.9 million cases of death due to sepsis. Several markers can be used to support evidence of sepsis in children, such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin, and IT ratio. This study will assess 3 markers namely C-Reactive Protein, procalcitonin, and IT ratio that have not found in previous studies.
Aim: To analyse association between inflammatory parameters and the incidence of sepsis in children. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach that analyses the medical records of paediatric patients in the PICU of RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang from January 2019 – August 2022. The data used are secondary data taken from medical records and then analysed descriptively for patient characteristics. The variables of this study were then analysed bivariate using the chi-square or fisher test then analysed multivariate by logistic regression analysis.
Result: Correlation between C-Reactive Protein levels, Procalcitonin, and IT ratio with the incidence of sepsis in children p<0.001 and nutritional status with incidence of sepsis in children p=0,011. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the dominant significant variable was C-Reactive Protein with an OR value of 212.331 and p<0.001.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between inflammatory parameters (CRP, procalcitonin, and IT ratio) with the incidence of sepsis in children. C-Recative Protein is most dominant parameter for sepsis detection in children.