Daniel Hernic

Daniel Hernic

The Distally Based Superficial Sural Artery Angiosome Flap Concept: Anatomy, Indications, Surgical Technique, Results...

Located between the popliteal fossa and the midportion of the calf, centered over de midline raphe, between the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, the sural flap is the best known neurocutaneous flap of the leg. [1,2]
The sural angiosome was first introduced in practice by Ponten in 1981, when he reported the use of 23 fasciocutaneous proximally based flaps for soft tissue defects.[3] Donski and Fogdestam described the anatomy of the distally based sural flap and presented three clinical cases in 1982. [4]

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Treatment Management of Bilateral Lower Eyelids Basal Cell Carcinomas with Total Lower Eyelid Reconstruction

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is known as the most common type of skin cancer with a rapidly rising incidence, 90 % of the cases occurring in the head and neck region. (1) The eyelids are involved in 10% of these cases, making it the most prominent eyelid malignancy. (2) It predominantly affects fair-skin individuals, notably type I and II Fitzpatrick photo types, most of them presenting with a positive history of chronic sunlight exposure. Etiology may be multifactorial, but sun exposure has been involved in most of the cases. (3) Basal cell carcinomas arise from the basal layer of the epidermis, probably as a result of activating the proto-oncogenes and inactivating the suppressor genes in the keratinocytes. (4)

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