Ocular infections vary greatly in severity. Studies have tried to identify certain patterns related to the ocular microbiome
in the studied populations in order to identify risk populations, new treatments and prophylaxis guidelines. However, it is critical to determine which antibiotics should be used in various situations and where alternatives to antibiotics are appropriate. Results of many studies show that high levels of antibiotic resistance in ophthalmology and multidrug resistance continue to be a reality and a challenge today.
Iodine-povidone and chlorhexidine are two major antiseptics used in ophthalmology. It is hoped that future reports show good results without the use of antibiotics will encourage ophthalmologists to limit the use of topical antibiotics, reducing the rate of antimicrobial resistance.

In the twentieth century, the widespread use of quinacrine by the U.S. military as malaria prophylaxis was accompanied by other observations suggesting efficacy for treatment of rheumatologic diseases [1].
During the 1950s, the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) derivative of quinacrine showed a favorable usage profile with less eye toxicity than chloroquine itself, and the use of this agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has become common. In RA, HCQ is usually a component of a drug combination, including triple drug therapy with methotrexate and sulfasalazine, a formula which was claimed as a safe alternative, well tolerated compared to expensive biological therapies [2].